56
Informaciones
Psiquiátricas
2015 - n.º 220
Carlos Jacas
Craneoencefálico presentan una pérdida de
la capacidad de prestar atención a una parte
del campo visual. En éste sentido, de todas
las funciones cognitivas, la percepción visual
es en la que se han realizado un menor nú-
mero de estudios tanto experimentales como
clínicos y dentro de la percepción visual es
el campo de la rehabilitación de la hemine-
gligencia en el que se han centrado dichos
estudios. Son necesarios pues más estudios
cerca de la eficacia de las técnicas que es-
tamos utilizando que sean desde el punto de
vista metodológico lo más correctos posible.
En este sentido, introduciremos algún aspec-
to a tener en cuenta al diseñar estudios de
eficacia.
Por lo tanto en la segunda parte de la po-
nencia, revisaremos los conocimientos que
tenemos acerca de la eficacia de la rehabili-
tación Neuropsicológica de las alteraciones
en la percepción visual basada en la evi-
dencia y a partir de ello, mostraremos una
propuesta del tipo de tratamiento que sería
más eficaz en la actualidad para mejorar la
dependencia funcional derivada de dichas
alteraciones.
Palabras clave:
Percepción visual, agnosia,
rehabilitación cognitiva, neuropsicología.
Abstract
Visual perception is the ability to discri-
minate and interpret visual stimuli. In this
regard and in the absence of visual acuity
problems that interferes with perception,
Clinical Neuropsychology assess and try to
rehabilitate those changes that occur in
the process of discrimination and interpre-
tation of what we see as a result of brain
dysfunction. In this way, in the field of ge-
riatrics, the normal process of aging results
in changes in different aspects of visual
perception and visuospatial functions. It is
also at this stage of life in which is fre-
quent the occurrence of degenerative pro-
cesses, acute episodes of stroke that may
cause changes in different aspects of the
perception process.
This presentation will be divided into two
parts: The first part, introduce a review of
the implications neuroanatomical and cog-
nitive models of visual perception process,
alterations and signs of visual perception
and processes of brain damage that com-
monly occur with changes in visual percep-
tion in the field of geriatrics. Alteration in
the interpretation of what we see related
not only to the perception of the stimulus,
but the space. At this sense, we may have
difficulty not only in perception due to in-
juries that occur, but also communication
problems, because sometimes the connec-
tion is broken between the visual and verbal
system.
Cognitive or neuropsychological rehabi-
litation is constantly evolving. Based on
scientific evidence of its effectiveness we
can see that a young science is continually
expanding. Only by using techniques which
have been demonstrated as effective or at
least with signs of it, we can help older
people for example that following a stroke
or head trauma have lost the ability to pay
attention to a part of the visual field . In
this sense, of all the cognitive functions,
visual perception is the one that have had
a smaller number of both experimental and
clinical studies and is the field of hemine-
glect rehabilitation in which have been fo-
cused most of such studies. We need further
studies about the effectiveness of the tech-
niques we are using. Here, we will introduce
some aspects to consider when designing
efficacy studies.
